התשובה האחרונה היא יותר Naive realism וקשורה ל-information overload.
השלושה הראשונים קשורים ל-Lack of sufficient meaning:
We find stories and patterns even in sparse data.
Pareidolia – The tendency to find non-existing patterns or meanings.
Gambler's fallacy
We fill in characteristics from stereotypes, generalities, and prior histories
whenever there are new specific instances or gaps in information.
Stereotyping -
Placebo effect -
We imagine things and people we’re familiar with or fond of as better
than things and people we aren’t familiar with or fond of.
Halo effect – assumption of positive features based on other irrelevant positive features.
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We simplify probabilities and numbers to make them easier to think about.
Murphy’s law - "Anything that can go wrong will go wrong."
Survivorship bias
We think we know what others are thinking.
Curse of knowledge - unknowingly assume that other people know what we know and have the background to understand us.
Spotlight effect - is the phenomenon in which people tend to believe they are being noticed more than they really are.
We project our current mindset and assumptions onto the past and future.
Hindsight bias - the knew-it-all-along phenomenon
Declinism – the tendency to view the past more favorably and the future more negatively.