שאלה | What concept does Richard McElreath's allegory illustrate using the geocentric model with epicycles, and how does it relate to causal inference?

What concept does Richard McElreath's allegory illustrate using the geocentric model with epicycles, and how does it relate to causal inference?

		That historical scientific models, like the geocentric model, were always fundamentally flawed and had no predictive value.
		The superiority of predictive models over causal models in scientific research.
		The idea that causal inference is unnecessary if observational data fits a statistical model.
		The complexity of causal relationships, where multiple models can fit the same data but not necessarily reflect true causality.